This event took place on June 4, 2018 and is no longer available on-demand.
A central goal of neuroscience is understanding the cellular components of neuronal circuits. New techniques have emerged that enable researchers to analyze the genomes and transcriptomes of individual cells and their relationships to cell morphology, connectivity, and function.
These techniques provide new avenues to define and catalogue neuronal cell types and to better understand brain circuit organization and development, function and dysfunction, and conservation and divergence across species.
In this day-long virtual conference for SfN members — organized by Z. Josh Huang and Ed Lein — experts will share recent technical and conceptual advances in single cell genomic analyses and how they are improving our understanding of the biological basis of neuronal cell type identity and diversity in the brain.
Advances you will hear about include:
- Tools driving the discovery of molecularly-defined cell types across brain systems. These techniques include massively parallel single cell RNA and DNA sequencing, and corresponding multiplexed RNA in situ assays.
- Quantitative and scalable single cell analysis approaches spanning multiple modalities — including gene expression, morphology, physiology, and connectivity — bringing us closer toward achieving a brain cell census.
- A conceptual understanding of brain development and evolution made possible through these new tools and approaches.
All career stages are welcome to attend this virtual conference to hear from leading neuroscientists. This online event is a follow up to Short Course I from Neuroscience 2016, so sign up now to hear what has changed in this field over the past two years, and read this short introduction, Promises and Pitfalls of Single-Cell Analysis, to further familiarize yourself on this topic before this event.
Click on each session title to reveal its description.
Session 1: Deciphering the Cellular Landscape of the Brain Using Single Cell Transcriptomics
Speakers: Evan Macosko, Bosiljka Tasic, Naomi Habib
Time: 9:00 a.m. – 10:00 a.m. EDT
Single cell/nucleus transcriptomics has emerged as a powerful approach to classify cell types and dynamic cell states in any multicellular organ or organism. By measuring gene expression in single cells in a genome-wide manner, one obtains a highly multidimensional molecular signature of each cell, which enables identification of cellular diversity and dynamic changes in the healthy and diseased brain.
Evan Macosko, Bosiljka Tasic, and Naomi Habib will present various methods to perform single cell and nucleus RNA-sequencing in brain tissue, computational approaches to analyze the data, and examples of applications in the mouse and human brain. A short Q&A will follow presentations.
Session 2: Single Cell Epigenomics Uncovers Gene Regulatory Diversity in Mammalian Brains
Speakers: Chongyuan Luo, Sebastian Preissl
Time: 10:15 a.m. – 11:15 a.m. EDT
The epigenome is an ensemble of chemical modifications to DNA and chromatin that affects gene regulation. Genome-wide mapping of epigenomic signatures is one of the most effective approaches for identifying gene regulatory elements, such as enhancer sequences.
Chongyuan Luo and Sebastian Preissl will introduce the utility of single cell epigenomic approaches — such as DNA methylation profiling and chromatin accessibility profiling — that have demonstrated robust classifications of brain cell types and enabled the mapping of the regulatory landscape for virtually all brain cell populations. These approaches provide opportunities to determine the cell-type specific functions of non-coding sequences and decipher their contribution to brain diseases. A short Q&A will follow presentations.
Session 3: Spatial Transcriptomics of Neurons and Brain Circuits
Speakers: Ed Boyden, Long Cai, Mats Nilsson
Time: 11:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. EDT
Brain cells have complex morphologies and are organized into complex networks in order to compute sensations, actions, decisions, and emotions. To understand this spatial organization and how it goes awry in brain disorder states, it is important to map transcripts — ideally at omic scale — throughout neurons and intact brain circuits in species such as mice and humans.
Ed Boyden, Long Cai, and Mats Nilsson will discuss cutting edge techniques, such as FISH and other sequencing technologies facilitated by strategies that de-crowd transcripts in dense tissues to permit the accurate assessment and mapping of transcripts in neurons in brain tissue. Such technologies enable the connection between the molecular world of cell types and cell states and the systems world of networks and circuits. These connections are key to understanding how brain computations are implemented, and how they might be repaired in states of disease. A short Q&A will follow presentations.
Session 4: Multi-Feature Analysis and Integration for the Functional Dissection of Brain Cell Types
Speakers: Josh Huang, Jonathan Ting, Andreas Tolias
Time: 1:30 p.m. – 2:30 p.m. EDT
Understanding the diversity of brain cell types and the roles of cell types within brain circuits is an immense challenge in modern neuroscience. Recent progress in the field of single cell biology and transcriptomics has enabled unprecedented resolution of cell types, including delineation of previously unrecognized types and subtypes in the mammalian brain.
Josh Huang, Jonathan Ting, and Andreas Tolias will explore how cutting-edge and highly integrative experimental approaches are being leveraged for multi-feature analysis at the single cell level. Speakers will also address how these datasets support cell type classification efforts, increasingly precise tool development, and the functional dissection of mouse and human brain cell types. A short Q&A will follow presentations.
Session 5: Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Dynamic Developmental Trajectories During Mammalian Brain Development
Speakers: Alex Pollen, Tom Nowakowski, Giorgia Quadrato, Gioele La Manno
Time: 2:45 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. EDT
The development of the nervous system is a complex and branched dynamical process. These features pose important challenges to determining how the vast heterogeneity of the nervous system arises. Single cell RNA sequencing (RNA Seq) technologies offer an important tool to study developmental processes. However, analysis of these data are further complicated by the superposition of several sources of biological variability, including differentiation, maturation, and regional diversity. Early-stage investigators will highlight possibilities unlocked by single cell RNA sequencing techniques and technical challenges that remain.
Alex Pollen and Tom Nowakowski will present different strategies adopted to address sources of variation and complexity, including by using a comprehensive single cell survey of the developing human brain across five years, 48 individuals, and multiple stages of development and brain regions. Giorgia Quadrato will address the potential and limitations of modeling human disease progression and developmental trajectory using human organoids, and describe how single cell RNA sequencing can be used to asses organoids heterogeneity and similarity to their in vivo counterparts. Gioele La Manno will present a new method of “RNA velocity,” that can be used to study nervous system development and other dynamical processes. They will also highlight how this approach can be extended to obtain lineage tracing-like data from human embryonic tissue specimens. A panel discussion and Q&A will follow presentations.
Session 6: Reconstructing Brain Evolution with Single Cell RNA Sequencing Data
Speakers: Trygve Bakken, Maria Antonietta Tosches
Time: 4:00 p.m. – 5:00 p.m. EDT
The stunning complexity of the brain is the result of evolutionary processes. Changes of brain size or connectivity are not sufficient to explain the diversity of vertebrate brains. Neuron types also change over evolutionary time, but elucidating their evolution has been challenging. Single cell and single nucleus RNA sequencing enable comparisons of neural cell types across species in an unbiased and quantitative way.
Trygve Bakken will describe the extent to which transcriptomic cell types are conserved in mouse and human cortex. Maria Antonietta Tosches will present how the comparison of reptilian and mammalian single cell RNA sequencing data inform us on the evolution of the cerebral cortex. A short Q&A will follow presentations.